International Journal of Education and Cognitive Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Autumn 2020

typical classroom is full of diverse students and not all students are identical in their academic abilities. Students need a variety of options to assimilate information and beget meaning. Differentiated instruction is being widely used in such diverse classrooms as a method which advocates adaptation of instructional practices commensurate with the diverse needs of students. However, when it comes to assessment, teachers are still contingent upon uniform assessment methods for all students in the classroom irrespective of their diverse learning abilities. The assessment practices that overlook the background knowledge of diverse student population are unfair. Varying learning abilities of student’s call for a differentiated method of assessment in the classrooms that ensures that correct assessment of learning is actualized and the report accurately informs teachers what accommodations are to be made in their instructional practices to meet individual need of students. This article attempts to establish that differentiated assessment can be carried out by either lowering the expectations for students with lower ability or by being flexible with assessment methods according to students wants to accurately measure learning. Only when differentiated instructional practices are informed by differentiated assessment practices can a teacher ensure that learning needs of every student in a classroom is met.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between religious beliefs and religiosity in divorce and non-divorced bank staffs in north Khorasan banks. employing multistep cluster sampling method 20 divorced and 20 non divorced staffs were selected through self-report questionnaire. Religious Attitude Questionnaire and Religious Commitment Test were used to measure variables of the study. The data was analyzed using step by step regression, bivariate analysis and intra-subject effect test. The results showed that religious belief, religiosity and their sub variables were strong and significant predictors for no divorced staffs. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between divorce, religious beliefs and religiosity. In addition, religious beliefs and religiosity were significantly higher in non-divorced staffs compared to divorced staffs.  religiosity and religious beliefs plays important role in confronting with stress and higher resistance and tolerance against severe crises in one’s life and modifies their severity. religious beliefs and religiosity decreased for pious people and so it can prevent divorce phenomenon.

Happiness is a multifaceted construct that has recently been the subject of growing attention in the field of positive psychology and researchers have strived to identify its underlying factors. The search for happiness can be said to underlie all human behaviors. So, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, academic achievement and happiness of students and to examine the moderating role of gender in the relationship of the study variables.  self-efficacy and happiness scale was distributed among 200 university students of Bojnourd (100 female and 100 male students) who had been selected randomly. The average score of the last academic year of the students was considered as the measure of their academic achievement score. The reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated respectively through test-retest coefficient and factor analysis and correlation of the total score with the subscales. The results established the psychometric properties of the scale. For data analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. Only happiness was able to predict self-efficacy. Also, the moderating role of gender was approved, and only in the group of male student both efficacy variables (positive and significant) and academic achievement (negative and significant) were able to predict happiness. The results showed that the self-efficacy could predict happiness in both male and female students, whereas happiness was a predictor of academic achievement only in male students.

Spirituality in Organizations is among the novel variables which emerge in management and working literature. So the aim of the current study is determining the relationship between Organizational spirituality and sport cooperation in teachers of 6 zone of educational system of Tehran.

By employing descriptive method 274 teachers were selected by using multisampling method and completed Organizational spirituality and sport cooperation questionnaire. 

Correlation results showed that there is a positive relationship between Sport cooperation and Organizational spirituality. Also, regression showed that there is a significant effect of the Organizational spirituality and Sport cooperation.

This study shows that there is a positive relationship between Organizational spirituality and sport cooperation of teachers.

The aim of the Present research was to study the relationship between the transformational Leadership Styles of the elementary school's managers for male and the motivation to establish specialized sport schools by them in Tehran.

186 among360 managers were randomly selected from nineteen educational districts in Tehran using the multistage sampling. For data collection, MLQ for transformational Leadership Styles and the researcher made questionnaire for the motivation of starting the specialized sport's schools were employed.

Styles can predict motivation to establish specialized sport schools. Multi regression analyses method showed that there is a significant relationship between the change transformational Leadership Styles with the motivation to start specialized sport schools in Tehran and also transformational Leadership.

Finding also reveals that transformational Leadership Styles of managers create sense of confidence and self-reliance because they admire values and believes, furthermore they encourage the sense of prospective aspects, realization of the objectives; stimulate the sense of cooperation and attaining modern methods in performing the assignments and stimulation of motivation.

The aim of this study is to expose the relation between group emotional intelligence and the organizational health. The method of research is descriptive and correlative. The statistical community of this research includes the all primary and high school teachers in Esfarayen city at North Khorasan Province in Iran. According to Morgan table Selected 313 teachers who answered the questionnaires.  Research tools are two questionnaires including Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Bradberry & Greaves, 2005) and Organizational Health Inventory (Hoy et al., 1991). The results showed that the relationship between group emotional intelligence and organizational health is meaningful. Also there is relationship between self-awareness of groups with organizational health and also there is relationship between self-management of groups with organizational health. There is relationship between relationship-management and social awareness of groups with organizational health. There is a significant positive relationship between group emotional intelligence with organizational health.